Martin Luther King Analysis Essay Example For Students

Martin Luther King Analysis Essay A Discussion and Analysis Of a portion of his Contributions As Well as their Social,Political and Economic Impacts. Since the Thirteen Colonies originally joined together, the United States has had one ofthe most grounded economies on the planet. Throughout the years, numerous scholars have hadvarying conclusions concerning the purpose behind this countries solid economicstanding. One explanation that has regularly been ignored is that a large number of thisnations laborers have been impacted by the Protestant hard working attitude. Thephilosophy behind this hard working attitude has driven numerous laborers to achieve as much aspossible at their employments during their lifetimes. In the event that one man were to be givencredit for the advancement of the Protestant hard working attitude it would need to beMartin Luther. Throughout the following a few pages this scientist willexamine the ethic that has had such an extraordinary effect on the United States economyand on the economies of different countries. It has been recommended by such scholars asWeber and Smith that the Protestant hard working attitude initially created around the wordcalling. Essentially, this term has a strict undertone which is atask set by God. Be that as it may, bit by bit this term was extended to where itcovered a considerable lot of keeps an eye on exercises. During the Protestant Reformation, the termcalling began to take on another importance. Satisfying ones obligation inworldly undertakings turned into an errand of outrageous significance. step by step, satisfying onesduty was significant as well as it turned into the ethical commitment of everyindividual (the most elevated type of good movement). Prior to the Reformation, theCatholic Church didn't accept that ordinary world exercises had a religioussignificance. Because of Luther these world exercises were very importantin holding fast to Gods wishes. As opposed to give ones life to venerating Godthrough petition, and as opposed to giving up every common great to follow Christ,the Protestants accepted that the assignment of each individual i s to satisfy (to thebest of his/her capacity) their undertakings on earth. This one of a kind origination of theword calling was created by Luther during his first dynamic decadeas a reformer. From the outset he accepted, in the same way as other different scholars, that everydayworld exercises were exercises of the substance. In spite of the fact that these exercises werewilled by God, they were in any case ethically impartial. Be that as it may, step by step Lutherbegan to challenge the life of the priests. He condemned them as driving alife without esteem as a methods for support before God, yet he alsolooks upon its renunciation of the obligations of this world as an item ofselfishness, pulling back from fleeting commitments. This was in directcontrast to the ordinary works of man. These common exercises were outwardexpressions of keeps an eye on affection for other people and for God. Hence, as per Luther, theonly approach to satisfy the hopes God has for us is to satisfy our w orldlyduties. A significant point that Luther makes regarding purposes for living isthat each calling has a similar worth according to God. The impact of theReformation that was started by Luther was that common work was givenreligious authorize. This stands restricted to the Catholic convention which did notgive such common issues any ethical accentuation. Luther expressed that individuals mayattain salvation in any social status. it didn't make a difference what an individual did duringtheir lifetime as long as they filled in as hard as could reasonably be expected. In difficult work anddedication to ones calling, salvation could be accomplished. Before Lutherprofessed these convictions, individuals set little accentuation on the day by day undertakings theyhad to finish. Occupations had small importance aside from that they put bread on thetable to eat. Notwithstanding, with Luthers idea of the calling peoplenow had an ethical motivations to fill in as hard as possible. The emplo yments of individuals weregiven strict authorization and this lead to laborers endeavoring to accomplish more intheir occupations. Consequently, there can be no uncertainty that Luther changed the perspectives ofpeople toward their jobs in the public eye. Individuals put another accentuation on their workroles. In the accompanying pages the impact this had on the economy will beexamined. The Foundation of Capitalistic Thought because of Luther placingsuch accentuation on a people calling, individuals started to invest heavily in their work. Rather than setting all of ones accentuation on strict issues, individuals started tothink of gaining a living in the most ideal manner conceivable so as to serve God. Lutherinstilled in these individuals the idea that time is cash. In the event that an individual spends histime at significant work he will win cash and become effective. Nonetheless, ifthat individual chooses to sit inactively or take a rest, cash that could have beenearned is lost until the end of time. in this way, Luthers accentuation on the way that individuals shouldwork as hard as conceivable lead numerous to the end that time ought not bewasted. The way that cash can become was acknowledged by the laborers ofthis time. Expanding ones resources is an indication of an effective businessperson, thusit is likewise an indication of somebody who is fruitful according to God. On the off chance that cash isinvested appropriately, an individual can get premium and increment his financialstatus. In the event that an indi vidual has a creature that is reproducing, that creatures posterity willincrease that people budgetary status. So as to turn into a successfulbusinessman it is frequently important to get cash. In any case, so as to insurethat a consistent progression of cash is ensured, an individual must develop a reputationas a brief payer. On the off chance that one is late in paying obligations, there will come a day whenthat individual won't discover a loan specialist. On the off chance that one is a brief payer, there will alwaysbe a consistent progression of money for that individual. Since progress is important to pleaseGod, and cash is important to make progress, individuals ensured that they paidtheir obligations instantly. Since credit is so significant, individuals started to acknowledge theimportance of intriguing their lenders. In the event that an individual forms a notoriety of aworker that works from promptly in the first part of the day to late each night, that personwill have the option to achieve credit. Assuming, nonetheless, an individual has a notoriety ofrelaxing and not paying attention to his activity, at that point that individual won't be lentmoney when he needs it to extend his business. The above models portray thespirit of private enterprise (the genuine improvement of free enterprise thought among themasses). Luther underscored that men should work their hardest at theirparticular calling. It became evident that difficult work regularly came about in higherearnings. Consequently, laborers started to make sense of the entirety of the potential ways bywhich they could expand their earnings.k Luthers contemplations on work came about inthe improvement of a free enterprise mindset among laborers. One case of a manwho is devoted to serve God through satisfying his calling is a man of thisera who (being older) was approached to resign. he had made a sizeable whole of moneyin his lifetime and his companions pondered whenever he would give the opportun ity toyounger laborers to amass their fortunes. The old man dismissed thissuggestion since he wished to acquire cash as long as could reasonably be expected. this man feltthat he could serve God as long as he kept noting his calling. On the off chance that heretired, he would never again be satisfying that calling, consequently, he chose not toretire. In certain individuals the accompanying of their calling went before all otherpursuits throughout everyday life. The objective of these individuals was to win as much cash as possibleand frequently this implied they would not invest significant energy to appreciate life (for to doso would intend to occupy from ones calling). To supporters of Luther, the earningof cash was an end in itself, through gaining cash one could discover joy bypleasing God (through after the calling). Luther has made man bedominated by the creation of cash. through after the calling the ultimatepurpose of our lives is to try sincerely and win cash. This guideli ne, whiledifficult for individuals not impacted by free enterprise to comprehend, is simple forcapitalists to fathom. The procuring of cash as long as it is done legitimately isthe result and the declaration of goodness and capability in a calling; and thisvirtue and capability are objectives of Luthers ethic. Albeit today this thought isnot that essential to us (ones obligation in a calling) it is the key basisof free enterprise. Luthers Impact on the Social Classes Late in March of 1526,several years before the Hanseatic urban areas of Lubeck and Luneberg becameProtestant, the burgomaster and committee of the previous sent the burgomaster andcouncil of the last a duplicate of a letter from a Lubeck vendor in London,calling consideration regarding the peril that confronted people who brought Lutheran books tothe Steelyard. The letter from London focuses to the reality of the situationby expressing that a specific knight, Thomas More, had captured eightpersons in the Steelyard for h aving Lutheran books in their ownership. This andmany other comparable occasions represent the way that traders had animportant influence in spreading the thoughts of Luther to European business places. Isolation and The Civil Rights Movement Essay(London: Oxford University Press, 1967).Richard Marius, Luther. (New York:Erdicott Press, 1973).Olin, John C. Luther, Erasmus and the Reformation. (NewYork: Fordham University Press, 1969).Parsons, Talcott. The Theory of Social andEconomic Organization. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1947).Thompson,Craig. Christian Humanism and the Reformation. (New York: Macmillan and Co.,1965).Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (New York:Charles Scribner and Sons, 1958).

The Role of Afro-Cubans in the Formation of Cuba Essays -- History Cub

The Role of Afro-Cubans in the Formation of Cuba Presentation In the arrangement of the Cuban country, the job of Afro-Cubans is obviously vital. The achievement and wealth got by Cuba as a Spanish settlement would have been unimaginable without the abuse of African slave work. Indeed, even before liberation, there were key figures in the Cuban autonomy development, for example, Antonio Maceo, who were free men of Afro-Cuban starting point. After liberation in 1886, Afro-Cuban ex-slaves demonstrated their energy for their future in Cuba by chipping in huge numbers to battle in the Liberation Army. However in the triumph over the Spanish in 1898, Afro-Cubans were given little acknowledgment for their mind-boggling support, and were avoided for places of power during the American occupation. The Americans by and large delegated white Cuban outcasts or Spanish officers over Afro-Cubans, decimating the expectations many had of at last getting their legitimate offer, in the expressions of student of history Aline Helg. Helg’s book Our Rightfu l Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912, talks about these rehashed frustrations felt by Afro-Cubans. In 1902 Cubans were finally allowed to administer themselves, and a constitution was drafted announcing all men equivalent, and conceding general male testimonial. However whites despite everything commanded the places of intensity in Cuba, and defended themselves by clinging to a legend that racial equity had been built up (Helg, 70). Disappointed with their parcel, Afro-Cubans again took an interest in enormous numbers in an insurgency, this time under the liberal Jose Miguel Gomez, who guaranteed them improved portrayal in government positions. Following the failure encompassing the 1908 decisions, Afro-Cubans started to d... ...top relinquishing everything to benefit Cuba. They needed to adore themselves and perceive their own worth; at that point they needed to cherish their families, at that point, their race; and afterward, simply after this, their country (241). The legend, or perhaps perfect of racial balance and solidarity had been overlooked. The disappointment of Afro-Cubans to achieve uniformity in Cuba was the consequence of a bigot cultural chain of command ruled by a white high society. The more Afro-Cubans pushed for changes, the more whites stood up to. In the long run, Afro-Cuban strategies turned out to be progressively radical, which prompted the fierce reaction to the Partido Independiente de Color. The perfect of organization between the races, held by the Cuban progressive saints Maceo and Marti, couldn't endure. Assets Helg, Aline. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912. UNC Press, Chapel Hill, 1995.

SUmmaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Synopses - Essay Example He used to invest his energy playing hockey and posting via web-based networking media and a portion of the individuals who realize him have depicted him as a modest and individual who stays out of other people's affairs. The kid who has been accused of a few checks of endeavored murder and exasperated attack just as ownership of a weapon in the grounds premises. There have been blended responses about this case in with some of individuals expressing that the suspect ought to be attempted in an adolescent court and others favoring that he ought to be exposed to a psychological assessment first. In any case, his preliminary in an adolescent court can possibly happen in the event that he is viewed as helpful to treatment in the court. Despite the gravity of the issue just as the age of the suspect, the issue that propelled Alex to go on the frenzy and wound individual understudies is yet to be distinguished for the case to be seen completely. After an Illinois father got a call that his child had ended it all by shooting himself in the chest, a note left by the child was found reprimanding tormenting for the self destruction. Despite the fact that the demise of his child was hard for him, Jordan Lewis chose to post video on Facebook the night that his child kicked the bucket clarifying the conditions of his son’s passing just as the occasions that hinted at the event. This incorporated the evident tormenting, worries from a portion of his companions, visits by the police just as the crisis call the child had made preceding his demise (Hamilton, 2013). As indicated by Jordan Lewis, he is posting the recordings so he can quit tormenting through demonstrating that a few people are not sufficiently able to beat the embarrassment that is related with harassing. The harassing that his child had confronted had been so much that he dropped out of the football crew. In light of research by the Yale college kids who are expo sed to harassing have a higher probability of ending it all. There are high possibilities that Lewis’ child built up a feeling of misery and the tormenting

Risk Management An Effective Tool For Organisations Success - Free Essay Example

Introduction With the current scene in the business world it is very challenging to explore the risks involved in the business economy. The topic of Risk Management interests with the varied challenges as it has become the foundation for many organisations to effectively manage their investments or projects. The risks involved in any type of organisations are constantly increasing with the rise in competition across the globe. The recent credit crunch was also an alarming sign to manage the risk efficiently. Development of technology also has had great impact on the performance of any technological projects. Thus the topic of risk management is gaining lot of scope across various sectors in diversified businesses in todays world. So being the case, Indian economy is no exception to the above mentioned threats for the organisations to successfully achieve their goals and objectives. Conceptual Underpinnings My research is based on whether the Risk Management is used as a tool for checking quality, accessing security level, as a measuring unit as controlling tool. To check whether theories on Risk Management, really help in understanding and analysing the risks involved in todays business scenario. Also to check the practical and technical difficulties in introducing risk management as a control tool in all possible arrays of business and development. While risk management offers accountable benefits it also involves costs, the cost of implementation of Risk Measures into the organisation structure, the process and also to make it a part of the organisational planning process in order to achieve objectives at minimal risk levels. Hence it is necessary and vital to have a comprehensive Risk Management Strategy for every organisation. In order to accomplish each and every organisation needs to have a dedicated team depending on the nature of their business, organisational structure, and also possible risks to be involved. 2.1) Literature Review The Indian Economy has been impacted with the downturn of the recession. As the effect of recession there is tremendous amount of change in the outlook of the business world. Today Management of Risk is a critical issue for organisations to minimise the level of risk they would be witnessing while involving in the business practices. Risk is always associated with uncertainty, even in our everyday activities. But we over comes these risk with our knowledge and experience by taking effectives measures to protect ourselves from these find of risks. Similarly, organisations have to consider the risks and uncertainty more strategically as they will be involving in huge business associations which might have an impact on large number of organisations and individuals. At most importance should be given to in order to avoid the disturbances from these risks or effects of these risks. Determination of these risks is critical and essential to implement Risk Management in any organisation. S mith (1995) states that risk management is an essential part of any project or business and constitutes to be an indispensable part of organisational planning. 2.2) Risk Management as an effective tool for organisations success During the early 70s risk management had very little scope and its effects on projects and business were ignored because they were not recognised as serious threats for organisations (Merna and Al-Thani, 2008). Organisations were ignorant about the risk involved in any business process or project and hence risk management had less scope to be implemented. Later on with the development of Project risk management, in early 80s risk management was acknowledged as a specific topic in the project management literature (Artto, 1997 cited by Merna and Al-Thani, 2008). The awareness towards risks gave room for risk management to emerge as an effective tool for organisations success. Since then Risk management continues to evolve in many ways in many fields. It has emerged as a crucial aspect for business today. It has been developing steadily and obtaining great importance in the business world. Today the use of risk management concepts by the corporate managers have increased to a grea t extent and most of the organisations will have some kind of risk control measures and risk management policies this clearly shows that risk management is undoubtedly beneficial to the organisations. (Tufano, 1998) Successful organisations All over the world would have well coordinated risk management programme, they also recognise and identify the risks and admit that risks occur and it must be addressed. (Hiles 2007) 2.3) Risk and Uncertainty Risk is always associated with uncertainty. As identified by Bussey (1978), any decision which has a variety of outcomes is said to be subjected to risk and when probabilities can be linked to the outcome. In other words risk is the possibility of something undesirable happening. Many people think risk in terms of three main components; bad happening, the chances of it happening and the consequences if it does happen. (Merna and Al-Thani, 2008). According to Merrett and Sykes (1983) uncertainties come into picture when the there are more than one options for any course of action. However some authors feel that risk and uncertainty can be used interchangeably. Risks and uncertainties are common for all organisations irrespective of the organisations structure and their area of expertise; however, these risks are product or service specific. The nature of risk and the extent of damage or success and the result may change over time but risk itself cannot change. (Gordan 1992) In ot her words the effect of such risks and uncertainties differ from industry to industry and from organisation to organisation. Even with in a corporate organisation we may observe various sources of risks in different levels of the organisation. Some of such identified sources are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" political, financial and legal risks at the corporate level, Economic and market risk at strategic business level and risks at project level may be precise to that particular project like Technical risks of a project. (Merna and smith 1996, cited by Merna and Al-Thani, 2008) Different organisations employ different approaches for identification of these risks and uncertainties. In order to identify these risks different methods of risk management are implemented to minimise these risks. After analysing the threat to the organisations from such risks they identify Organisations are extensively implementing the concept of Risk Management into their organisational culture. Though this p rocess is time consuming it is onetime investment. It also involves considerable amount of capital investment. Investment banking is an industry which is known to have the maximum risks involved. Banking by itself is risk oriented business. The nature of investment banking business is volatile and they have to implement a comprehensive risk management strategy as it deals in the instruments which are highly volatile in the market. These risks have to be effectively managed for the smooth running of the organisation. So is the case with the Information or software industry. Software industry is no exception to risks though the nature of the business is not volatile they also involve lot of risks. These risks also have to be managed and addressed efficiently, to make sure it does not hamper the organisational growth. There will be a lot of system related risks and risk of manipulation, duplication and theft of the software, copyright and patents risks, technological risks and fe w others. The risks involved in these two industries are important, and have to managed to minimise their risks and maximise the opportunities for the organisations growth. My research is to know whether the risks involved in the above two industries are indifferent or similar. And also to identify whether risk management is being implemented in these industries as an effective tool. If it has been implemented what is the role of risk management in these industries. Aims and Objectives The research intends to concentrate on these two industries i.e. Investment banking and software industry to find if the amount of risks involved in these two industries. The research would also look on the risk control measures taken by these industries, their perspective of looking on to the risks their risk assessment and management methods and techniques. The researcher will be targeting two specific companies from both the industries and identify their risk management tools in their business. Whether it has helped them overcome these risks and to what extent they were successful in their attempts. What would be the scope for improvement for risk management in these industries? And Conduct research on these organisations to analyse if risk management has to be made mandatory for such organisations. The companies that would consider in the research are Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) which is one of the top players in investment banking sector, and Sonata Software Limited for software industry. 3.1) Research Topics Implementation of risk management as a control tool Is Risk management Organisation or industry specific? Comparative analysis of Risk and risk management in these sectors, Impact of risk and its management on business 3.2) Scope of Study This research will be investigative in nature which will be carried out on two companies Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Limited ANZ and Sonata software Ltd in a case study format, the information collected will be specific to these two companies and of sample size. A minimum of four managers in risk management will be contacted and they will be a part of this research. This research would be restricted to only two industries (Investment banking and Software industries) as the objective of the research is to compare the risk involved in these two industries. Research Strategy Research can be defined as a process undertaken to find out things collect data and interpret it systematically thereby increasing their knowledge. The research has to be based on logical findings and logical relationships and not just assumptions, and the methods used to collect such date should be meaningful (Saunders et al 2009). In layman terms research means searching for desired information from a reliable source and analyse that information to draw a conclusion for a research question. For this research techniques like qualitative data collection, desk study and interviews would be conducted. 4.1) Qualitative Research The research would be based on qualitative method of collecting data, qualitative research is an approach to study a social observable fact and it is realistic interpretive and grounded in the lived experiences of people their individual opinions and feelings. (Marshall and Rossman 2006) the data collected with this approach is non numeric data and is expressed through words. The data collected through qualitative research cannot be used directly, it has to be analysed before using it in the research. An effective qualitative research must be interactive and interpretive. It should use various methods to get the information and should be related to the context. 4.2) Case study Case study is a descriptive research which refers to gathering of thorough information of a corporate it refers to collecting all the detailed information of a particular firm and focus on the characteristics and factors of that corporate leading to its success or failure. The research intends to look at a case study of one corporate in both Investment Banking sector and software industry. The research concentrates on Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) and Sonata Software Limited and analyse the various risk involved in both the companies and how they are effectively managed. 4.3) Sampling Top managers, senior risk managers and people involved in the risk management process of the above mentioned companies will be targeted for this research and interviews would be conducted as a part of sampling technique to get the desired data. In the process of research a minimum of two persons responsible and working in risk management process of both the companies would be done. The interviews would be conducted based on the persons availability and accessibility. Data collection 5.1) Primary Data Various semi-structured interviews would be conducted to collect primary data, the interviews would be recorded. These interviews would be conducted with risk managers and employees responsible for the assessment and management of risk. Permissions and authorisations will be taken from the people interviewed and from the management before conducting the interviews. The interviews will be done personally or through internet also telephonic interviews if necessary. The questions asked in the interview will be clear and spontaneous to get clear answers to questions. 5.2) Secondary Data The data which is already available and published which can be used as useful information to our research is called as secondary data these are the data which is already researched by other researchers and is easily accessible. Risk involved in business and risk management has a vast literature and evolution of risk and its management is was there from many decades and hence a lot of information is readily available in various sources, this information will also be taken in to consideration in this research and there is no need to start the research on risk management from the scratch. The secondary data will be collected from various books, journals on risk management other online data base like EBSCO, JSTOR and other trusted sources, also the company websites would be used to get company specific information. This information would be extensively used in discussing the literature on the topic chosen. 5.3) Data Analysis The data collected from the interviews will be transcribed and assessed, analysed and interpreted in order to use it in the research, pie charts and graphs would be used if necessary to understand the risks involved and the methods and techniques used to manage the risks. The data collected through secondary data sources would be thoroughly examined and only relevant and reliable date will be included in the research. Data analysis would be done in an effective way to draw proper information and to arrive at a effective conclusion. 5.4) Reliability and Validity Reliability and validity is one of the important aspect of any research study, the data obtained must be valid and reliable. In this research there are a certain issues relating to reliability and validity like the information obtained may not be in detail as the risk management procedures of an organisation is very confidential and may not be disclosed to everyone, to overcome this the researcher may promise the organisation that the information obtained will not be disclosed to any one and will only be used to this research only. The data collected through interviews will be subjective. The reliability and validity of data will also be influenced by factors like time and place, and the conclusions drawn from the research would be the interpretations made by the researcher. 5.5) Access To start any research one important factor to be remembered by the researcher is getting access to the information required. As there is already a lot of literature on risk in business and risk management there will not be much hindrance in getting the secondary data however the researcher has to get access to obtain the primary data. The research concentrates on two organisations and the researcher has gained access in Sonata software limited and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) to do case study on their organisation and to interview people responsible for identifying and managing the risks. However there is a risk involved in this as they may deny providing the required information as it may be confidential and to overcome this risk, as a back up the researcher can also try and get access to do a case study on Deutsche Bank as well. Possible chapters: Introduction Review of the Literature: Risk involved in todays business world And the steps and techniques used to manage those risks Introduction to companies chosen for the case study and their risks and management Comparison of risk involved in both the companies Assessment of the research Conclusion Gantt chart TARGET DATE TASKS TO BE ACHEIVED March Submission of Proposal April Collecting Data and conduct research June Conduct Interviews and Collect Data + Write up of Literature Review July Analysis of Data + Submission of First Draft August Submission of Dissertation

Web Technologies Enterprises - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1940 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Information Systems Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Executive Summary This paper is divided into two parts. The first part is summarized the content of seminar 2 about â€Å"Web 2.0 and the Enterprise†. The speaker: Mr. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Web Technologies Enterprises" essay for you Create order Lionel Louie is director of Fusion Middleware solutions for Oracle Greater China. The seminar is structured in a way that helps participants to understand the view of collaborative Web 2.0 technologies can enable enterprises to foster employees critical thinking and creativity while providing a platform to capitalize on their innovations for product and process improvement. The second part, findings and case analysis provides information to better understand threats of Web 2.0 and mitigate its impact to business. The threats of Web 2.0 are investigated and two cases are related to Web 2.0 are analyzed. The impacts to business are assessed to identify areas of security management requires great concern. Finally, measures are introduced to improve security management 1. Introduction Nowadays, dynamic and global business environment, enterprises face ever-increasing pressure to stay competitive and achieve sustainable growth through agility and innovation. The seminar is struct ured in a way that helps participants to focus on understand the view of collaborative Web 2.0 technologies can enable enterprises to foster employees critical thinking and creativity while providing a platform to capitalize on their innovations for product and process improvement. 2. Seminar Summary 2.1 The changing of business environment As rapid technological and social changes affecting an enterprises environment, it leads the enterprise to consider how the information will support the business. Nowadays, the rapid progresses in the capabilities of the internet, its infrastructure are enabling the enterprises to create business value in new business model. For instance, Supply chain robust networks of suppliers, retailer and customer to obtain updated information. Online retailers offer seemingly infinite inventory. These â€Å"countless niches† are market opportunities for those who cast a wide net and de-emphasize the search for blockbusters. 2.2 Web Evolution In the 1990s, the web 1.0 began as repository of information of content for personal or organizations. After a couple years, a lot amount of content was dynamic, returning results to users). Nowadays, Web 2.0 makes web-based applications feel like and run as smoothly as local application. 2.3 Main difference between web 1.0 and Web 2.0 The Web 1.0 is a Read-or-Write Web. For instance, authors write a webpage to share for readers. Once they published it online. The readers can watch a webpage and subjectively comprehend the meanings. But authors want to release their contact information in their web page; the link between authors and readers is generally disconnected on web 1.0. It seems that web 1.0 does not facilitate direct communication between web readers and authors when authors have not to disclose their private identities such as emails, phone numbers, or mailing addresses. The Web 2.0 is a Read Write Web. At Web 2.0, authors and readers can bo th read and write to a same web space. It allows establishing friendly social communication among web users without obligated disclosure of private identities. Therefore, it is very important to increase the participating interest of web users. Normal web readers then have a handy way of telling their viewpoints without the need of disclosing who they are. The link between web readers and authors becomes generally connected, though many of the specific connections are still anonymous. Those users can contribute their knowledge for sharing. 2.4 The best Web 2.0 Sites The different organizations/enterprises have a use of Web 2.0 which include in social networking, start pages, social book marking, peer production news, social media sharing and online storage. The following sites can show that how Web 2.0 to motivate users to contribute their knowledge. Flickr (https://www.flickr.com) Flickr combines a social network with the user generated content. Users can work together to collaborate on photo projects. Flickr also has an API for web services to integrate photo collections with blogs. Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org) Wikipedia is a free, multilingual, open content encyclopedia project operated by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Also, Wikipedias articles have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world. Blogger (https://www.blogger.com/start) Blogger provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. Chicagocrime (https://www.chicagocrime.org) Chicagocrime.org was one of the original map mashups, combining crime data from the Chicago Police Department with Google Maps via api or web service. It offered a page and sent to user by RSS. 2.5 The Benefit of Web 2.0 for Enterprise Above the mentioned functions of Web 2.0 are useful for development of interactive web site that can enable enterprise to create the collaboration with across departments or its branches. Also, other main benefits are as below: More effective enterprise application Foster efficient knowledge worker collaboration and overall employee satisfaction. Improve the navigation of internal and external information consumption and reuse. Web 2.0 communities for immediate feedback, shortening the product development time and targeting valuable marketing resources. Fuels business innovation 2.6 Driver of Web 2.0 in the Enterprise In order to achieve competitive advantage, enterprises face problems in how to make business innovation. Oracle believes that Web 2.0 in enterprise can transform the way companies share information and work together. Furthermore, this next generation innovation of business is tap into the passion of every individual, pockets of knowledge in minds of key employees and harness collective intelligence across entire business ecosystem. 2.7 Setting a Web 2.0 strategy for the Enterprise Web 2.0 needs to be a part of overall IT strategy for technology focused. Moreover, IT Manager uses it with IS strategy to deploy Web 2.0 through a comprehensive, integrated, open standards-based platform. Consequently, users can take a new approach to interaction. 3. Findings and analysis 3.1 Trend of Web 2.0 Mr. Lionel said that ‘the trend of Web 2.0 are increasing base on enterprises want to achieve competitive advantage. Moreover, accordi ng to Forrester Research, ‘there will be strong demand for Web 2.0 tools in the enterprise in 2008. Even though 42% of enterprises say adding Web 2.0 tools is not on their agenda, according to a Q3 2007 survey, Forrester expects that half of those will change their mind and embrace Web 2.0 tools by year end. In the report Top Enterprise Web 2.0 Predictions For 2008, analyst Oliver Young gives three reasons why he thinks 2008 is the year that IT departments will take their heads out of the sand and embrace Web 2.0 technologies. (Josh Catone 2008) 3.2 Web 2.0 applications raise security issues Mr. Lionel also said that ‘Web 2.0 involved AJAX, content tagging and web service technology. However, this new technology brings new vulnerabilities. According to Robert Hansen, ‘president of California-based security consultancy SecTheory, the use of programming languages such as Java and Ajax, as well as the JSON data interchange format, in Web 2.0-style apps has c reated another door from which nefarious elements can enter a companys back end and do irreparable damage. (Greg Enright 2007) Moreover, According to web security firm Finjans report that ‘sophisticated new threats that target Web 2.0 platforms and technologies and centers on the use of Web 2.0 and AJAX technologies for malicious activities. (Richard MacManus 2006) 3.3 Recent Incident Case 1: MySpace superworm creator sentenced to probation, community service (Published: 1 Feb 2007) Affected: Within 20 hours, the worm had spread to nearly 1 million MySpace accounts and slowed down the performance of network. Threat type: Web 2.0 worm Description: ‘Samy Kamkar, using a programming technique known as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(AJAX) that permitted browsers to execute malicious code, was able to circumvent MySpaces strong JavaScript filters. The infection spread like wildfire, adding one million friends to Kamkars profile within several hours, i n addition to placing the string but most of all, Samy is my hero on each of his victims profiles. Status: News Corp. was eventually forced to shutter MySpace in order to fix the problem. Case 2: MySpace spreads worms and spyware (Published on 20 July 2006) Affected: Users who have not yet installed this patch had spyware from the PurityScan/ClickSpring family installed on their computers, which bombards the user with pop-up ads and tracks their web usage. Threat type: Web 2.0 worm Description : ‘MySpace appears to be developing into a virus pool, which infects visitors just by calling up profiles and member pages without any assistance from the user. According to Michael La Pilla, a malware analyst with the security business iDefense, over the last few weeks an online banner advertisement has attempted to infect visitors to MySpace.com with spyware. The attackers are clearly exploiting the vulnerability discovered early this year in the way Windows processes W MF images. Status: A patch from Microsoft has been available to fix this vulnerability. 3.4 Impact to business Web 2.0 enables anyone to upload content in enterprises; these sites are easily susceptible to hackers wishing to upload malicious content. Once the malicious content has been uploaded in Web 2.0 sites, innocent visitors to these sites can also be infected, and the site owners could be potentially responsible for damages incurred. Moreover, enterprises face a significant security risk from slow-down networks performance and disclosure of intellectual property or business-critical information. 4. Dealing with Web 2.0 threats 4.1 Detection Web 2.0 user-contributed content means that the content on countless URLs is constantly changing. Static web filtering solutions that rely on periodically updated URL databases and automatic to identify threats are simply not in a position to keep up with the dynamic content that characterizes Web 2.0 sites. In order to ke ep pace with the dynamic nature of Web 2.0 sites, it is imperative for a web security solution to scan and profile URLs in real-time each time a URL is requested. In addition, keep updated anti-virus signatures and patch to protect web servers. Moreover, web servers will be fully scanned periodically. 4.2 Incident Response Virus-scanning software at all critical entry points such as client desktop and web server. Moreover, ensure that vendor patches are promptly applied to interrelated applications, and the underlying operating system. 4.3 Management Policy Controls Establish policies for acceptable use of Web 2.0 and ensure that all users are aware of those policies and clearly understand the potential risks. 5. Conclusion The evolution of the internet has had a profound effect on the way businesses and individuals work and communicate. While Web 2.0 and AJAX have greatly enhanced the user experience and added important business functionality, they also introd uce opportunities for hackers to invisibly inject and propagate malicious code. In the two cases, the characteristic of Web 2.0 can make the infection spread like wildfire. Also, signature based solutions were not designed to detect these types of dynamic malicious web scenarios; thus, they are not enough to provide protection against the modern hacking methods. Therefore, signature based solution (anti-virus) or URL filtering lab can put its hands on each and every piece of malicious code and create a signature is no longer valid in todays web scenario. On the contrary, management policy control is very important to protect the threat of Web 2.0 in enterprises. Reference 1. Greg Enright (2007), Web 2.0 applications raise security issues, [Online] available at: https://www.computerworld.com.au/index.php/id;1304740632;fp;16;fpid;1 [accessed 15 Feb 2008] 2. Heise Security (2006), MySpace spreads worms and spyware, [Online] available at: https://www.heise-online.co.uk/secu rity/MySpace-spreads-worms-and-spyware/news/75722 [accessed: 16 Feb 2008] 3. Josh Catone (2008), The Year Web 2.0 Hits the Enterprise, Says Forrester, [Online] available at: https://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/2008_web20_enterprise _forrester.php [accessed: 16 Feb 2008] 4. Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J. Mattord (2004) Management of Information Security, Boston, Mass.; London: Thomson/Course Technology 5. Richard MacManus(2006), Web 2.0 Security Scares, [Online] available at: https://blogs.zdnet.com/web2explorer/?p=285 [accessed 14 Feb 2008] 6. SC Magazine (2007) MySpace superworm creator sentenced to probation, community service, [Online] available at: https://www.scmagazineus.com/MySpace -superworm-creator-sentenced-to-probation-community-service/article/34514/ [accessed 16 Feb 2008] 7. Tim OReilly (2005), What Is Web 2.0, [Online] available at: https://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html [accessed 17 Feb 2008]

A Personal Interaction With The Criminal Justice System

Introduction Throughout this essay, a personal interaction with the criminal justice system will be the focus of discussion. Miria Bastock, a citizen of Queensland and victim of attempted murder, illustrated a personal interaction with the criminal justice system through her experience in 1989. Other matters that will be discussed in this essay are victim precipitation and the personal consequences of her victimization. Summaries and Evidence Presented Various articles will support the focus of this paper. The Meaning and Measurement of Victim Precipitation written by Carolyn Rebecca Block will elaborate on victim precipitation. The two articles, Chapter four of Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimisation written by R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson and Why Do Victims Fail to Report? The Psychology of Criminal Victimisation written by Robert F. Kidd and Ellen F. Chayett, will focus on Interactions with the criminal justice system. Chapter five of Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimisation by R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson and A Qualitative Exploration of The Effects of Crime Victimization for Victims of Personal Crime written by Elizabeth Quinn DeValve will further elaborate personal consequences of Miria Bastock’s victimisation. Victim Precipitation Carolyn Rebecca Block applies victim precipitation â€Å"to those criminal homicides in which the victim is a direct, positive precipitator in the crime,† (1993). Research by BlockShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of New Technology On Criminal Justice System1458 Words   |  6 PagesTechnologies on Criminal Justice and Corrections Our criminal justice system is very important to society. The reason for having laws is to defend society from harm, and to ensure that each person is kept safe, as well as to receive fair treatment. 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Cognitive Training Treatment Of Dementia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cognitive Training Treatment Of Dementia? Answer: Introducation Cognitive training (CT) is a guided practice in which a patient is guided on a set of standardised activities aimed at reflecting given cognitive functions that include memory, attention and problem-solving. The definition of cognitive training is a structured practice of complex mental activity aimed at enhancing cognitive function (Takeda, Tanaka, Okochi, Kazui, 2012). To delineate cognitive training from other interventions, an operational definition is adopted. As per the operational definition, cognitive training involves repeated activities on identified problematic areas, with the use of tests that are standardises, and also targeting specific cognitive domains (Gates, Sachdev, Fiatarone, Valenzuela, 2011). The tasks are tailored based on the patients individual performance capacity and adaptive training. The tasks taken under cognitive training involve analogues of activities of daily living and their availability is evolving and they are now available through computerised packages is now possible alongside the traditional paper-and-pencil (Bahar-Fuchs, Clare, Woods, 2013). The primary assumption that underlies the practice is that practice has the potential of improving or maintaining an individuals functioning in a particular domain. One more postulation is that any accrued effect from the practice translates generally past just the context of the training. The last assumption has however been debated and argued otherwise (Owen, Hampshire, Grahn, Stenton, Dajani, 2010), but this contradiction of failure of transferability is as a result of problems in task design (Jaeggi, Studer-Luethi, Buschkuehl, Su, Jonides, 2010). Evidence from the last decades has shown cognitive training to be quite an effective therapy for dementia. Cognitive training has shown to produce modest substantial benefits in the treatment of dementia to produce primary positive cognitive outcomes (Kallio, hman, Kautiainen, Hietanen, Pitkl, 2017). This paper is a critical analysis of cognitive training as a treatment modality for dementia. It reviews literature for- and against- it with an aim of justifying its application. Evidence of positive intervention in cognitive training with dementia Cognitive training is often promoted as an effective modality for the treatment of dementia. It is often considered as an effective alternative intervention for a number of reasons, notably, it has minimal risk and contradiction compared to other strategies do, and it is also preferred by the elderly (Rodakowski, Saghafi, Butters, Skidmore, 2015). The impacts of the intervention in dementia patients have been studied for the last several decades, with a majority indicating it having a desirable cognitive rehabilitation and enhancement training and constructive effect on patients presenting with dementia and other forms of cognitive diseases. Study findings have further demonstrated that some elements of cognitive training in seniors is associated with the improvement in neuropsychological and neurophysiological dimensions (Mowszowski, et al., 2014). Likewise, there is evidence of the therapy having positive effects on well-being, mood and stress, in persons presenting with the condi tion and also those without any cognitive condition but take specialised cognitive exercises. Regardless of the minimal evidence on the efficacy of the intervention in delaying problems in an individuals daily functioning, some studies such as a randomised trial by ACTIVE established that advanced cognitive training produces positive effects, with minimal decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), alongside preventing and reducing the risk of the development of decline in functioning among dementia patients during their old age (Rebok, et al., 2014). Drawing on evidence from a number of studies, the effectiveness of cognitive training can be established. For the purposes of this paper, reference is drawn to two research studies. One is a 2013 review by Bahar-Fuchs and fellows and another study from 2016. The aim of the 2013 review was to appraise the existing evidence on the efficacy of the therapy on persons with Alzheimers disease (Bahar-Fuchs, Clare, Woods, 2013). The researchers identified eleven studies which met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis did not detect any adverse effects of the modality. This finding counteracts earlier proposals from other commentators such as Small, et al., (1997) who claim that there is a likelihood of the process to have negative impacts such as on mood. The review identified both short and long term positive benefits of cognitive training which include improved memory capacity, satisfaction in the attainment of personal goals, and the general quality of life (Bahar-Fuchs, Clare, Wood s, 2013). The aim of the 2016 study by Giuli, Papa, Lattanzio, and Postacchin was to examine the impacts of CT as a nonpharmacological intervention among elderly persons who exhibit one of 3 unlike cognitive statuses. The results of the analysis showed that the participants accrued positive immediate outcomes compared to the controls who had been recruited for the study. The results from the study supported the statement that cognitive training could be used as an operative intervention in the treatment of dementia in the elderly with/without cognitive decline, as reported in other studies which include Huckans, et al., (2013) and Choi Twamley, (2013). However, some others claim that there is a lack of theoretical rehabilitation model to serve as a guide in assessing cognitive training, as a result, it is recommended to take into consideration various aspects when managing patients with cognitive deficits, precisely those with dementia (Huckans, et al., 2013). As a result, it is always indica ted to use comprehensive multi-modal cognitive training which also incorporates compensatory and restorative approaches to the elements of psychological support for the disorders and advice for lifestyle intervention (Buschert, et al., 2011). The primary scope of the study (Giuli, Papa, Lattanzio, Postacchin, 2016) was to demonstrate that comprehensive cognitive training had the potential of producing positive effect among elderly people presenting with various cognitive statuses. To eliminate any biases, Giuli and fellows adopted a multidisciplinary approach whose main strength is to facilitate the analysis of the role played by various actors that come into play in the management of rehabilitation and enhancing the cognitive functions in elderly persons. Another notable set of results from the study were evidenced in the dimensions of memory, metamemory, self-efficacy, and "confidence of own memory". The subject's level of complaints on difficulties on carrying out activities of daily living was diminished, owing to improved performance in the perception of mnemonics (Giuli, Papa, Lattanzio, Postacchin, 2016). Findings from various studies coupled with the most recent by Giuli and fellows have demonstrated improvements in the patients' cognitive performance and psychological status, which are often observed in the immediate of the training. Likewise, patients without any form of cognitive deficit who have also undergone cognitive intervention have also shown to improved performance especially in memory and learning processes. This conclusion is not only made by Giuli and others (2016) but by another very recent study by Rahe, Petrelli, Kaesberg, Fink, Kessler and Kalbe, (2015) who concluded that cognitive training or cognitive training combined with protective factors such as physical activity (CPT) produces stronger long-term effects on attention. The findings of these two papers, however, contradict with the findings of a study conducted in 2013 whose aim was to analyze the effectiveness of CT in patients who had Alzheimer's disease and also to provide an also estimate its feasibility (Alves, et al., 2013). The findings of the review showed the effect of the intervention on the subjects was only in global cognitive functions (which were assessed using a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)), and not in other cognitive functions. However, it was observed that the subjects recorded a reduced level of perceived psychological stress. This is a confirmation of an observation made by various authors who have made conclusions in their studies that cognitive training has a beneficial impact on the psychological status of those receiving it (Reijnders, van Heugten, van Boxtel, 2013). Most of the studies often obtain results which illustrate improvements in different memory and learning cognitive tests, alongside selective attentive processes and verbal fluency, which is not in the case in those not treated with the intervention. These conclusions are strong indicators that cognitive training can produce positive impacts on cognitive performance in patients with a mild cognitive decline, or early dementia before conversion to full-blown dementia (Valenzuela Sachdev, 2009). An additional observation made by Valenzuela and Sachdev is that cognitive training confers a protective effect on longitudinal neuropsychological performance in patients with any form of dementia. Supported by evidence from Giuli, Papa, Lattanzio, and Postacchin, (2016), subjects subjected to cognitive training improve in cognitive functions (memory, attention) and also in the degree of dementia. These patients also show a better mood status compared to those not treated with the intervention. The effect of cognitive training is also supported by findings in other studies, which have shown an evidenced improvement in mood status in dementia patients treated with the intervention (Rodakowski, Saghafi, Butters, Skidmore, 2015). It is also advisable to discuss how the intervention generally impacts a dementia patient in his or her daily living. This can be assessed using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL). Study findings have also shown that a large intervention effect in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and also an intermediate effect in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (Giuli, Papa, Lattanzio, Postacchin, 2016). This effect could be related to numerous variables which undoubtedly cause a complex relationship. Regardless, it is possible to point out some possible explanations, which according to Rebok, et al., (2014) includes the possibility that cognitive training produces changes in both behavior and social interactions, and this supports a patient's engagement in functional activities. Further, there is also the likelihood that the patient's improvement in his/her psychological characteristics, awareness and confidence in their abilities confers a positive effect on th eir capacity to plan and master activities of daily living. One of the hypotheses made with regard to an individual's sense of control (even in the diseased status ) in aspects of daily living activities and setbacks plays a role in the delay of the onset of functional disabilities (Cooper, Huisman, Kuh, Deeg, 2011). In summary, cognitive training has shown positive effects of some outcomes immediately following the intervention. The intervention enables patients to learn new strategies in the use of memory and cognitive functions, and this presents a benefit to the patient, evidently in the dimensions of improving personal self-esteem and reducing psychological diseases. This generally improves the patient's wellbeing and quality of life and may enable him or her life independently for a long period of time. The positive impact of cognitive training as a preventive and intervention for dementia permits its usage as a non-pharmacological intervention in reducing costs associated with the treatment of dementia especially in elderly persons, alongside the costs incurred in caregivers, and this has a positive impact on health systems of any country. Multidimensional cognitive training also serves as an important instrument in the secondary prevention of dementia-related symptoms, alongside improving the quality of life of those affected. Based on a review of literature in 2017 by Kallioa, Ohman, Kautiainen, Hietanenb, and Pitkala, cognitive training has evidenced positive effect on the following dimensions of dementia patients. The best performance is in the domain of memory in which 5 of the studies reviewed by the authors showed significant improvement in episodic, semantic and episodic autobiographical memory. In the domain of executive functioning, three studies reported that cognitive training had a positive impact on executive function and abstract. With regard to the domain of attention, only one study had reported a significant improvement in processing speed. In language, four studies have shown that the intervention improves both verbal functions, episodic memory, and working memory. On the contrary, in the performance in the domain of visual perception, there is only one study that has documented a positive result (Kallioa, Ohman, Kautiainen, Hietanenb, Pitkala, 20 17). Generally, cognitive training is a viable intervention. Cognitive Training in the Prevention of Dementia Specific types and doses of cognitive training have the ability to delay the onset of dementia. This claim was provided by a randomised controlled trial known as The Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly study (ACTIVE) conducted between 1998 and 2004. ACTIVE is the largest study carried so far that has demonstrated that cognitive training improves cognitive functioning in elderly adults (Willis, et al., 2017). The authors demonstrated that cognitive training could confer the effects over a period of five years with evidence that improved cognitive function significantly improves daily functioning. Notable findings from the ACTIVE study with regard to the prevention of dementia, the study established that in elderly persons, the risk of dementia is reduced by forty-eight percent within a decade when the subjects undertook a total of ten or more sessions of cognitive training (Willis, et al., 2017). According to Willis and fellows, the risk of dementia is reduced by eight percen t for each session of cognitive training. This evidence especially reinforces modern cognitive training which is basically computerised, diverting from the earlier form of pencil-and-paper. There is no other drug or device with the ability to change the incidence of dementia. Mental activity, on the other hand, provides a greater "brain reserve" which reduces the risk of dementia by forty-six percent (Valenzuela Sachdev, 2009). Continued participation in mentally stimulating activities can delay the development of cognitive and functional decline, especially in elderly persons. Overall, cognitive training programs have generated evidence to indicate that they boost both memory, speed of processing, problem-solving and reasoning. At the moment when it is fiendishly complicated to do randomized controlled trials on more than one intervention at a time (Begley, 2017), the multifaceted approach in preventing dementia is not feasible, hence leaving cognitive training as the online option. Summary The literature review above investigates on the significance of cognitive training as a treatment modality for dementia. It is evident that cognitive training can improve cognitive functions of persons with or without dementia. Some of the domains that cognitive training has shown to improve include immediate and delayed memory, executive functioning, attention, cognition, processing speed, neuropsychological status and visuospatial construction. Thus, the ability of the modality to improve cognitive function can be regarded as a useful, affordable and easily accessible tool that can be used in the management of dementia, and also as a preventive tool to prevent age-associated cognitive decline in ageing individuals. Cognitive training can also be improved by combining with other modalities such as physical training and pharmacological approaches. As recommended by some authors, cognitive training alone or combined with other intervention methods (pharmacological or non-pharmacological) can improve some aspects of cognition in patients presenting with dementia. This paper offers evidence supporting the efficacy of the intervention. Based on the reported studies and reviews, there is evidence of gains resulting from cognitive training. This, however, does not completely ignore the doubts raised in the scientific community for the lack of a large-scale randomised controlled trial which can test the efficacy of cognitive training alongside other interventions. This is owed to the neurobiology of dementia which calls for a multifaceted approach in the dimension of prevention References Alves, J., Magalhes, R., Thomas, R., Gonalves, O., Petrosyan, A., Sampaio, A. (2013). Is there evidence for cognitive intervention in Alzheimer disease? A systematic review of efficacy, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disor, 195-203. Bahar-Fuchs, A., Clare, L., Woods, B. (2013). Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia (Review). The Cochrane Library, 1-73. Begley, S. (2017, June 22). Preventing Dementia: New Report Says Not Much Is Proved to Work. Retrieved from Scientific America: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/preventing-dementia-new-report-says-not-much-is-proved-to-work/ Buschert, V., Friese, U., Teipel, S., Schneider, P., Merensky, W., Rujescu, D., . . . Buerger, K. (2011). Effects of a newly developed cognitive intervention in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. J Alzheimers Dis., 679-94. Choi, J., Twamley, E. (2013). Cognitive rehabilitation therapies for Alzheimer's disease: a review of methods to improve treatment engagement and self-efficacy. Neuropsychol Rev., 48-62. Cooper, R., Huisman, M., Kuh, D., Deeg, D. (2011). Do positive psychological characteristics modify the associations of physical performance with functional decline and institutionalization? Findings from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci., 468-77. Gates, N., Sachdev, P., Fiatarone, S. M., Valenzuela, M. (2011). Cognitive and memory training in adults at risk of dementia: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr., 55-69. Giuli, C., Papa, R., Lattanzio, F., Postacchin, D. (2016). The Effects of Cognitive Training for Elderly: Results from My Mind Project. Rejuvenation Res, 485-494. Huckans, M., Hutson, L., Twamley, E., Jak, A., Kaye, J., Storzbach, D. (2013). Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapies for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults: working toward a theoretical model and evidence-based interventions. Neuropsychol Rev, 63-80. Jaeggi, S., Studer-Luethi, B., Buschkuehl, M., Su, Y., Jonides. (2010). The relationship between n-back performanceand matrix reasoning-implications for training and transfer. Intelligence, 62535. Kallio, E., hman, H., Kautiainen, H., Hietanen, M., Pitkl, K. (2017). Cognitive Training Interventions for Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis, 1349-1372. Kallioa, E.-L., Ohman, H., Kautiainen, H., Hietanenb, M., Pitkala, K. (2017). Cognitive Training Interventions for Patients with Alzheimers Disease: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 1349-1372. Mowszowski, L., Hermens, F., K, D., Norrie, L., Cockayne, N., Ward, P., . . . Naismith, S. (2014). Cognitive training enhances pre-attentive neurophysiological responses in older adults 'at risk' of dementia. J Alzheimers Dis., 1095-108. Owen, A., Hampshire, A., Grahn, J., Stenton, R., Dajani, S. (2010). Putting brain training to the test. Nature, 775-8. Rahe, J., Petrelli, A., Kaesberg, S., Fink, G., Kessler, J., Kalbe, E. (2015). Effects of cognitive training with additional physical activity compared to pure cognitive training in healthy older adults. Clin Interv Aging, 297-310. Rebok, G., Ball, K., Guey, L. J., Kim, H., King, J., Marsiske, M., . . . Willis, S. (2014). Ten-year effects of the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc., 16-24. Reijnders, J., van Heugten, C., van Boxtel, M. (2013). Cognitive interventions in healthy older adults and people with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev, 263-75. Rodakowski, J., Saghafi, E., Butters, M., Skidmore, E. (2015). Non-pharmacological interventions for adults with mild cognitive impairment and early stage dementia: An updated scoping review. Mol Aspects Med., 38-53. Small, G., Rabins, P., Barry, P., Buckholtz, N., DeKosky, S., Ferris, S., . . . Khachaturian, Z. (1997). Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders: consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer's Association and the American Geriatric Society. JAMA, 13631371. Takeda, M., Tanaka, T., Okochi, M., Kazui, H. (2012). Non-pharmacological intervention for dementia patients. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1-7. Valenzuela, M., Sachdev, P. (2009). Can cognitive exercise prevent the onset of dementia? Systematic review of randomized clinical trials with longitudinal follow-up. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry., 179-87. Willis, S., Tennstedt, S., MArsiske, M., Ball, K., Elias, J., Koepke, K. M., . . . Wright, E. (2017). Long-term Effects of Cognitive Training on Everyday Functional Outcomes in Older Adults. JAMA, 2805-2815.

The Importance of Writing Macbeth Essay Topics

The Importance of Writing Macbeth Essay TopicsThere are many Macbeth essay topics available on the Internet and there are also many resources available to help you choose the right essay topics for your Macbeth essay. If you are looking for ways to structure your Macbeth essay, it is important to know the common Macbeth essay topics and some of the alternative essay topics that you might want to consider when writing your Macbeth essay.The best way to plan your Macbeth essay is to decide what types of subjects or sub-topics you would like to write about. You will have plenty of resources available to help you choose the best topics. A good place to start is the Internet. Since so many sources exist online, you will not need to spend a lot of time doing research in order to find what you need.While you are online researching your essay topics, there are several resources available that can assist you. One of the best places to look is the Internet, where you will find scores of free e ssay topics. You can read and learn from other people's essay topics and you may even find some tips on how to structure your own essay topic.On the Internet, you will find a variety of different essay topics for your Macbeth essay. Some of the most popular are the themes that Shakespeare wrote about such as political intrigue, love, war, the king, or the Queen. Other topics include topics that Shakespeare wrote about the death of kings, love, despair, and the death of Arthur. You can also find topics that describe the Queen's rule of Scotland, stories about famous characters, and many more.It is important to note that while many essay topics come from the play of Macbeth, most are written specifically for the essay. Therefore, it is important to get the emphasis correct if you want to include the play as a part of your essay topic. If you do not have a copy of the play, you can use an online version of Macbeth which was made available by the Internet Movie Database. This version wi ll teach you how to create the themes and topics of the play.However, the Internet is not the only resource that can help you find essay topics that you might want to include in your Macbeth essay. There are also some very good resources available in books that can assist you in determining how to write a strong essay topic for your Macbeth essay. These resources include many Macbeth essay topics that were originally presented by modern writers.Many of these essay topics can be used in conjunction with the other ideas in your Macbeth essay. Therefore, it is very important to make sure that your essays contain the appropriate essay topics and sub-topics.

The Start of Research Papers College

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AP Euro Essay Samples - Useful Resources For Those Trying to Improve Their Essay Writing Skills

AP Euro Essay Samples - Useful Resources For Those Trying to Improve Their Essay Writing SkillsAP Euro Essay samples are worth looking at for a number of reasons. With all the different kind of college AP courses, the difficulty level goes up as well. As a result, the AP Euro essay samples can be a helpful alternative to the AP MSA or any other kind of college course.One benefit is that the college essays and AP essay samples can be taken at many different subjects. That way, you'll have many opportunities to cover a wide variety of topics.Another benefit is that there will be less of a test to do, since the essay samples are free and a lot easier to prepare for. The number of APs required in a semester will also be more than the norm. These also tend to be a bit cheaper than the APs in a normal semester.The AP Euro essay samples can also be used to prepare for the A level (or the equivalent). Although this isn't an exact parallel, you will need a large number of AP Euro essay sample s, since the APs will be much tougher. This is why it makes sense to get a few essay samples with each subject and then read through them carefully.Although it's unlikely you will find a free program, some online resources will be able to help you prepare. The best thing to do is to look for a program that has step-by-step instructions on how to go about it. If you don't have time to learn on your own, you may need to use a local library or bookstore to get a copy of the essays and test samples.However, one thing to keep in mind is that a lot of the practice tests online are generally easy, but with AP Euro essay samples, you may find that the questions are difficult and that you have a better chance of winning the contest if you use the sample essays in a single session. This will make it a lot easier to write the essay, since you won't be writing lots of different essays.Finally, you might consider using AP Euro essay samples when taking the SATs. This is because the essays will a ctually be harder than those you would write for the regular college essay. If you do this, it will give you a chance to study under a real teacher, so that you'll find it easier to learn the skills of a professional.

What Everyone Is Saying About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for College Students Is Wrong and Why

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